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.Forexample, we say a book because the word book starts with thesound /b/, a consonant sound.We say an apple because the word apple starts with the sound /æ/, a vowel sound. The differencebetween a and an isthat we use a before a consonant sound,whereas we use an before a vowel soundx ' '. a book ; an apple The difference between the /ðY/ and the /ði:/ is the same; we use the /ðY/ before a consonant sound whereas we use the /ði:/ beforea vowel sound.x '.The /ðY/ chair is redx '.The /ði:/ apple is redThe noun use starts with the letter u , a vowel, but it starts with thesound /j/, a consonant sound.Therefore, we say the /ðY/ use and not the /ði:/ use .theWe say the /ðY/ use and not the /ði:/ use because the word use starts with a consonant soundRemember, some words that begin with the letter h start with a vowelsound, because the h is silent.For example, we say an hour and not a hour .I a hour or an It s right to say an hour Because the letter h in the word hour is silent262 succeed fail examination (exam)take an examination passGenerally, after the verb succeed , we use the word in and the gerund.For example, we say succeed in going , succeed in taking etc.' ' No, I didn tfail to answer the last question; Isucceeded in answering the last question I '' ' ' ''Yes, if I try hard, I think I llsucceed in learning English well' x The opposite of to fail anexam is to pass an exam '' xYes, I think I ll pass the stageexam at the end of this bookI ' x ' Yes, if I fail anexamination, I always take it again ~ No,if I fail an examination, I don t always take it again' ''Yes, people generally succeed in gettingwhat they want if they try hard enoughhave to (= must) Have to means the same as must .We can say I must go to school or I have to go to school .However, we cannot use must to speakabout the past.Instead, we use had to and say Yesterday, I had to goto school .263 I Instead of I muststudy , we can say I have to study ' Yes, I haveto eat if I want to live' Yes, I had to get upearly yesterday morning ~ No, I didn thave to get up early yesterday morning'' ' x 'Yes, I ll have to wait if Iarrive too early for the next lessonThe negatives of have to and must have different meanings. I don thave to do it means that I can do it if I want, but it is not necessary. Imustn t do it means that it is bad or wrong to do it. Which is it right to say: You mustn t smoke in this building or You' It s right to say You mustn t smoke in this building I ' I' It s right to say I don t have to get up early on Saturday ' ' Yes, I muststudy if I want to learn English' 'No, I don t have to study tenhours a day if I want to learn EnglishDo Revision Exercise 18 LESSON 51264 worker beginner sleeperwriter speakerTo form a noun from a verb we sometimes add the letters er to the verb.For example, we call a person who works a worker ; we call a personwho writes a writer etc.We sometimes forma noun from a verb byadding the letters er to the verbx ' '.eat eater; walk walker;speak speakerYes, I m a hard worker ~ No,I m not a hard worker; I work very little' ' No, I m not a completebeginner in English; I began.' Yes, I m a heavy sleeper ~ No, I mnot a heavy sleeper; I m a light sleeperMy favourite writer is
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